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The Spice Girls were a British pop girl group formed in 1994. The group consisted of five members, who each later adopted nicknames initially ascribed to them: Melanie Brown (“Scary Spice”), Melanie Chisholm (“Sporty Spice”), Emma Bunton (“Baby Spice”), Geri Halliwell (“Ginger Spice”), and Victoria Beckham, n e Adams (“Posh Spice”). They were signed to Virgin Records and released their debut single “Wannabe” in 1996, which hit number one in more than 30 countries and helped establish the group as a global phenomenon. Their debut album Spice sold more than 30 million copies worldwide, becoming the best-selling album by a female group in music history. Their follow up album Spiceworld sold over 20 million copies worldwide. In total they have sold over 85 million records worldwide, making them the best-selling female group of all time, one of the best-selling pop groups of all time, and the biggest British pop phenomenon since Beatlemania. Measures of their success include international record sales, a 2007’2008 reunion tour, merchandising, record-breaking achievements, iconic symbolism such as Halliwell’s Union Jack dress, representing “girl power”, a box-office film, Spice World, and their internationally recognised nicknames. The group became one of the most successful marketing engines ever, with their global grosses estimated at $500’800 million between 1996 and 1998 and the group earning up to $75 million per year. Under the guidance of their mentor and manager Simon Fuller, the group embraced merchandising and became a regular feature of the British and global press. In 1996, Top of the Pops magazine gave each member of the group aliases, which were adopted by the group and media. According to Rolling Stone journalist and biographer David Sinclair, “Scary, Baby, Ginger, Posh and Sporty were the most widely recognised group of individuals since John, Paul, George, and Ringo”. With the “girl power” phenomenon, the Spice Girls were popular cultural icons of the 1990s. They are cited as part of the ‘second wave’ 1990s British Invasion of the US.